Efectos de la arteterapia sobre las personas ingresadas en unidades psiquiátricas. Revisión scoping.
Resumen
Introducción: Nuevas estrategias arte terapéuticas inclusivas centradas en la persona y no en su etiqueta diagnóstica se están abriendo paso en las unidades de hospitalización psiquiátrica como coadyuvantes a los métodos habituales de psicoterapia y psicofármacos. Esta implementación viene dada por los refutados beneficios reportados en contextos comunitarios. Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la implementación de la terapia artística en el contexto hospitalario. Metodología: Revisión en las bases de datos electrónicas CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS y WOS. Resultados: se identificaron 1101 registros de los que 1081 fueron excluidos en base a la información incluida en su título y resumen. 21 artículos fueron analizados para la revisión de los cuales 14 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión/ exclusión. Las intervenciones se clasificaron 4 categorías: musicoterapia, terapias creativas artesanales (dibujo, arcilla y marmolado), terapias sensoriales y expresión corporal. Conclusiones: La estimulación de la expresión es un recurso esencial para que los pacientes adquieran nuevas estrategias para alcanzar el máximo nivel de salud y calidad de vida que su condición les permita. La implementación de intervenciones de arte terapia en unidades de hospitalización psiquiátrica tienen efectos beneficiosos en las personas con trastorno mental grave. Aunque son escasos los estudios, todos coinciden en destacar el valor positivo en el bienestar físico y mental de los participantes gracias a la expresión de emociones, la reducción de sintomatología negativa, a los procesos de adaptación al trastorno y la adherencia al tratamiento.
Citas
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